"If you build it, they will come." In 1989, that phrase referred to a magical baseball diamond in the cornfields of Iowa. Today, the same sentiment is driving the latest Internet craze: the ever-evolving mixture of user-upload and social-networking  sites that are loosely described as Web 2.0.
The problem, of course, is what "they" do when they get there. Over the last couple of years, prototypical Web 2.0 sites such as YouTube and MySpace have grown into multibillion-dollar businesses on the buzz and excitement generated by user-supplied content. Increasingly, however, that growth has been accompanied by charges that the sites were either unwittingly or even knowingly allowing users to post and distribute copyrighted materials.
For YouTube, matters came to a head this week when a "traditional" media company -- Viacom -- filed a $1 billion lawsuit against the Google-owned Web site to enforce its copyrights. The stark question is whether the dynamic Web 2.0 paradigm can survive an old-fashioned legal onslaught. Can a business function legally if it allows unregulated user contributions?
History Not a Friend to GooTube
The practice of user uploads and social networking long predates the term Web 2.0 (which the media company O'Reilly coined in 2004). Well before the arrival of Web 1.0, in fact, computer bulletin boards flourished for precisely the same reasons: Users could upload files and even images for download by other bulletin board users, and users could also locate and communicate with people with similar interests. At the height of their popularity in 1988 and 1989, there were hundreds of thousands of bulletin boards in operation around the country.
Not surprisingly, though, copyright infringement was a rampant problem on bulletin board systems. Both Playboy and Penthouse filed several high-profile lawsuits against BBS operators for copyright infringement, and aggressively worked to get their protected content taken down.
In 1999, another direct ancestor of the Web 2.0 model was launched by Shawn Fanning: Napster, a program that allowed users to share music from their personal hard drives through Napster's central servers. Within a fairly short time, however, Napster was hit by copyright infringement litigation from bands (most notably Metallica) and various record labels, and in July 2001, was ordered to shut down its entire network . Other file-sharing systems (and their users) have faced similar copyright suits.
Survival of Web 2.0 (and YouTube)
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